Silicon Carbide Ceramic is an advanced ceramic material with silicon carbide (SiC) as the main component. Silicon carbide ceramic has unique physical and chemical properties, which makes it have broad application prospects in many fields.
Silicon carbide ceramics produced by Mingrui Ceramics
What is silicon carbide ceramic?
Silicon carbide ceramic, referred to as SiC ceramic, is an advanced ceramic material made of silicon carbide (SiC) as the main component. Silicon carbide is an inorganic substance formed by the covalent bonding of carbon and silicon elements. It has extremely high hardness and wear resistance, as well as good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance.
Silicon carbide ceramics not only have excellent room temperature mechanical properties, such as high bending strength, excellent oxidation resistance, good corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and low friction coefficient, but also have the best high temperature mechanical properties (strength, creep resistance, etc.) among known advanced ceramic materials.
1. Basic properties of Silicon Carbide Ceramic
High hardness: Silicon carbide ceramic has a very high hardness, second only to diamond, which makes it excellent in wear resistance and scratch resistance.
High strength: It has high bending strength and compressive strength, and can maintain stable performance in harsh environments such as high temperature and high pressure.
High melting point: The melting point is as high as 2700℃, ensuring that the physical form and size can be maintained at high temperature.
Thermal stability: Even if it is exposed to high temperature for a long time, it will not change phase or decompose, and maintain its physical and chemical properties.
Oxidation resistance: In high temperature environment, a thin layer of silicon oxide film will form on the surface of silicon carbide ceramic to protect the internal structure from further oxidation.
Low thermal expansion coefficient: It can maintain dimensional stability in temperature fluctuations.
2. Classification of Silicon Carbide Ceramic
Depending on the preparation process and crystal form, silicon carbide ceramics can be divided into many types, such as black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide, reaction sintered silicon carbide (RB-SiC) and hot pressed silicon carbide (HP-SiC). Each type has its specific application areas and advantages.
3. Silicon Carbide Ceramic Manufacturing Process
The manufacturing process of silicon carbide ceramics mainly includes hot pressing sintering, pressureless sintering and hot isostatic pressing sintering. These processes can make silicon carbide particles closely bonded together to form hard and dense ceramic materials.
4. Advantages of Silicon Carbide Ceramic
Excellent high temperature performance: Silicon carbide ceramics have extremely high high temperature strength, and their strength can still maintain a high level at high temperatures (such as 1600°C), which is difficult to match with other ceramic materials.
Excellent high temperature creep resistance, can maintain a stable shape and size in a high temperature environment.
Oxidation resistance is the best among all non-oxide ceramics, and can maintain the stability of the material in a high temperature oxidation environment.
Excellent mechanical properties: Silicon carbide ceramics have high bending strength, high hardness (Mohs hardness 9.2~9.6, second only to diamond and boron carbide) and excellent wear resistance, which makes it perform well in environments subject to severe wear.
Low friction coefficient can reduce friction loss and improve mechanical efficiency.
Excellent thermal physical properties: It has high thermal conductivity, and its thermal conductivity is second only to beryllium oxide ceramics in ceramics, which is conducive to the rapid transfer and dispersion of heat.
The low thermal expansion coefficient makes the workpiece less affected by thermal stress during heating and cooling, and improves the thermal shock resistance of the material.
Good chemical stability: Silicon carbide ceramics have good corrosion resistance and can resist the erosion of a variety of chemical substances.
Low density: Compared with metal materials, silicon carbide ceramics have a lower density, making the equipment made of it lighter, which is conducive to reducing the overall weight and cost.
Wide application: Due to its excellent performance, silicon carbide ceramics are widely used in high-temperature bearings, bulletproof plates, nozzles, high-temperature corrosion-resistant parts, and electronic equipment parts in high-temperature and high-frequency ranges.
5. Disadvantages of Silicon Carbide Ceramic
Low fracture toughness: Silicon carbide ceramics are more brittle and have lower fracture toughness, which limits its application in dynamic loads or impact environments. When subjected to sudden impact or stress, it is prone to cracks or even breakage.
High manufacturing cost: The production process of silicon carbide ceramics is relatively complex, the raw material cost is high, and the sintering process has strict equipment requirements, making the cost of the final product much higher than that of traditional materials. This limits its competitiveness in cost-sensitive applications.
Difficult processing: Due to the high hardness and brittleness of silicon carbide ceramics, it is difficult to process them with traditional metal processing tools and techniques. Diamond tools or special grinding techniques are usually required, which increases processing costs and time.
Reliability and consistency challenges: Maintaining product reliability and consistency is a challenge when producing large-sized or complex-shaped silicon carbide ceramic parts. Temperature control during sintering and slight changes in material particle size distribution can lead to fluctuations in product performance.
Thermal shock sensitivity: Although silicon carbide ceramics can withstand high temperatures, their sensitivity to thermal shock can cause problems in some applications. Rapid temperature changes can cause thermal stress inside the material, affecting its durability and life.
6. Application fields of Silicon Carbide Ceramic
Aerospace: used to manufacture rocket nozzles, protective layers of spacecraft, etc., and is highly favored for its high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
Automotive industry: high-performance brake systems, exhaust systems and other components often use silicon carbide ceramic materials to improve braking performance and corrosion resistance.
Electronic industry: as a radiator material, it improves the thermal management efficiency of electronic equipment; in semiconductor manufacturing, silicon carbide ceramics are used for precision parts in processes such as grinding and polishing, epitaxy/oxidation/diffusion, photolithography, deposition, and etching.
Other industrial fields: such as petroleum, chemical industry, papermaking, laser, mining and atomic energy, silicon carbide ceramics are also widely used due to their excellent performance.
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