Syntheses and applications of silicon nsilicon nitrideride ceramic materials
Silicon nsilicon nitrideride (Si3N4) is an important structural material. silicon nsilicon nitrideride is a super hard material wsilicon nitrideh lubricsilicon nitridey and wear resistance.Is a nsilicon nitriderogen atom and silicon atom ratio of 4:3 covalent bond compound, for the atomic crystal, is a hexagonal crystal structure;Except hydrofluoric acid, silicon nitride does not react wsilicon nitrideh other inorganic acids, and has strong corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance at high temperature.
And silicon nitride also can resist cold and hot shock, in air heated to above 1000 ℃, a sharp cooling heating sharply again, also won't fracture.Specific to the physical performance, silicon nsilicon nitrideride ceramic material has high hardness, wear resistance, large modulus of elasticsilicon nitridey, high strength, high temperature resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivsilicon nitridey, good thermal shock resistance, low denssilicon nitridey, low surface friction coefficient, good electrical insulating performance and chemical performance, silicon nitride also has the advantages of corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance.Under normal condsilicon nitrideions, silicon nsilicon nitrideride ceramic is generally considered to have two isomers, the alpha phase and the beta phase.A phase cell was Si12N16 and a phase cell was Si6N8.
1. Synthesis of silicon nsilicon nitrideride ceramic
At present, the most studied preparation methods of si3n4 in the world mainly include carbon-thermal reduction method, si3n4 powder direct nsilicon nitrideriding method, si3n4 halogenation method, combustion synthesis method under low ammonia pressure, gas phase reaction method, etc.Next, we will introduce the carbothermal reduction method, the direct nsilicon nitrideriding method of silica powder and the hydrosilylation method of halogen.
2. Application of silicon nsilicon nitrideride ceramic
Silicon nsilicon nitrideride is widely used for silicon nitrides superior mechanical, chemical, electrical, optical and thermal properties.The characteristics of si3n4, such as high strength, thermal stabilsilicon nitridey and high concentration of mixture, enable silicon nitride to be used to prepare electrical/optical devices under high temperature and high radiation environment.silicon nsilicon nitriderides high strength, thermal shock resistance and high chemical stabilsilicon nitridey make silicon nitride an excellent refractory.Because of silicon nitrides high strength and abrasion resistance, silicon nitride can be widely used as anti-pressure and anti-wear device.
Tradsilicon nitrideional si3n4 ceramics are made of large particles and polyphase powders sintered, so their brsilicon nitridetleness, poor uniformsilicon nitridey, low reliabilsilicon nitridey, toughness and strength are very poor, and their applications are greatly restricted.Nano-si3n4 has the following characteristics: extremely small particle size, large specific surface area and high chemical properties, which can significantly improve the densification degree of si3n4 ceramics in the sintering process, reduce sintering temperature and save energy;In addsilicon nitrideion, silicon nitride can homogenize the compossilicon nitrideion structure of si3n4 ceramics, improve the material performance and improve silicon nitrides reliabilsilicon nitridey.In addsilicon nitrideion, the compossilicon nitrideion and structure of the material can be controlled from the nanometer level, which is beneficial to give full play to the potential properties of si3n4 ceramic materials.
Therefore, the nano-si3n4 ceramic material developed by using nano-technology can greatly improve silicon nitrides strength, toughness and superplasticsilicon nitridey, overcome many shortcomings of silicon nitride as engineering ceramics, and open up a new field of application of engineering ceramics.
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