ZTA, Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramic Material Properties

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ZTA Toughened Ceramic

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Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Ceramic——Introduction & Material Properties
Zirconia Toughened Alumina ceramic (ZTA ceramic) is a composite ceramic material that perfectly combines the hardness of alumina (Al₂O₃) with the toughness of zirconia (ZrO₂). ZTA has high fracture toughness, high bending strength, high temperature resistance, high current carrying capacity, high insulation voltage, high heat capacity and thermal diffusion capacity, and a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of silicon, which makes it perform well in electronic devices. The two materials form an excellent complex with high strength and toughness, which is more widely used. ZTA have excellent wear resistance because of its higher fracture strength and fracture toughness at room temperature.The specific proportion of the two materials can be adjusted according to the actual use requirements of users. The performance of ZTA is better than that of 99% alumina ceramic, and the price is much lower than that of zirconia ceramic. Many alumina ceramics are not capable of the occasion, reflecting a better than zirconia ceramics cost performance.Widely used in machinery, electronics, petroleum, chemical, aerospace and textile industries.

Performance parameters of alumina - zirconia structural ceramics -ZTA ceramics:

Item	Unit	Alumina(AL2O3)				Zirconia(ZrO2)
Item	Unit	AL2O3≥95	AL2O3≥99	AL2O3≥99.5	AL2O3≥99.8	ZTA	YTZ
Bulk density	g/cm3	3.7	3.80～3.85	3.85	3.9	3.8～4.6	6
hardness	HRA≥	86	88	88	88	86～88	88～90
Bending strength	Mpa≥	300	350	400	400	172～450	900
Maximum service temperature	℃	1500	1500	1500	1500	1400～1500	1500
Linear expansion coefficient	×10-6/℃	7.5	8.2	8.2	8.2
Dielectric constant	εr(20℃,1MHz)	9	9.2	9.2	9.2
Dielectric loss	tanδ×10-4,1MHz	3	2	2	2
Volume resistivity	Ω·cm(20℃)	1013	1014	1014	1014	1013	1014
Breakdown strength	KV/mm,DC≥	20	20	20	20
Acid resistance	mg/cm2≤	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Alkali resistance	mg/cm2≤	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wear resistance	g/cm2≤	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.1
The compressive strength	Mpa≥	2500	2500	2500	2800	2300～2900	2500
Flexural strength	Mpa≥	200	350	350	350
Modulus of elasticity	Gpa	300	350	350	350
Poisson's ratio		0.2	0.22	0.22	0.22
Coefficient of thermal conductivity	W/m·K(20℃)	20	25	25	25

The toughening method of ZTA ceramics:

1. Zirconia toughened

The most commonly used method of toughening alumina ceramics is ZrO2 (vk-r30).When pure Zr0 (VK-R30) is added to alumina and particles form ZrO2 toughened alumina ceramics, the toughness can be significantly improved when the content is appropriate.

Mechanical properties of commercial high purity alumina ceramics and ZrO2 (vk-r30) toughened alumina ceramics were compared

Item	99% alumina ceramics	zirconia toughened alumina ceramics
The density of	3.85	3.93
Flexural strength	350MPa	480MPa
The compressive strength	3600MPa	3300MPa
hardness	1900HV	1600HV
Impact strength	5MPam1/2	7MPam1/2

2. Whisker and fiber toughened

The whisker is a ceramic single crystal with a certain aspect ratio (0.1 -- 1.8 um in diameter, 35 -- l50um in length) and less defects.It has high strength and is a very good toughening and strengthening body of ceramic matrix composite.Fiber length is several times longer than ceramic whisker, which is also a good ceramic toughening body.

3. Grain toughening

The addition of particles with high elastic modulus (such as SiC, TiC, TiN, etc.) of certain particle size into alumina material can induce the deflection and bifurcation of cracks and consume the fracture energy, thus improving the toughness.

4. Alumina self-toughening

Ceramics made of nanometer alumina powder show excellent superplasticity at low temperature without plasticizer.The nanometer material can improve the shape and properties of ceramic grains.

Advantages of ZTA ceramics

· Enhanced toughness: ZTA ceramics combine the toughness of zirconia with the hardness of alumina, making them more resistant to cracking and fracture than pure alumina, and have obvious advantages in applications involving mechanical stress or requiring impact resistance.

· Improved thermal shock resistance: Generally have better thermal shock resistance, can withstand rapid temperature changes without cracking or damage, which is critical for applications involving sudden temperature fluctuations.

· Better crack resistance: The presence of zirconia helps inhibit crack propagation, which is valuable in applications that may be subjected to cyclic or repeated loads.

· Reduced brittleness: It can reduce the brittleness of alumina and is more adaptable in applications where stress concentration may occur.

· Higher flexural strength: Generally have higher flexural strength, which is very useful in applications that require high load-bearing capacity, such as structural components or components subjected to bending forces.

· Potential weight reduction: Enhanced toughness and mechanical properties may allow the design of thinner and lighter components than pure alumina without affecting performance.

· Adjustable material properties: The composition can be adjusted to achieve specific material properties, customized according to application requirements, and flexibility helps meet diverse needs.

· Good wear resistance: Due to its hardness and toughness, it usually exhibits good wear resistance and is suitable for use in applications involving abrasion or erosive wear.

· Price advantage: The price is lower than that of ZrO₂ ceramics, and DBC-ZTA has higher reliability than DBC-Al₂O₃, and has a price advantage over AMB copper-clad lining boards.

Disadvantages of ZTA ceramic boards

· High processing difficulty: High hardness and high brittleness, easy to collapse edges and break during processing, high processing costs, strict requirements on processing equipment and processes, and special ceramic engraving machines are required for high-precision processing.

· Electrical performance limitations: ZrO₂ is a toughening phase in ZTA ceramics as well as a conductive phase. When the ZrO₂ content exceeds a certain amount, the ZTA ceramic copper-clad circuit board will have leakage current and the heating element will break down.

· Aging problem: The high toughness of zirconia is time-limited. After being placed in the air for a period of time, it may become unstable, resulting in serious performance degradation or even cracking. In addition, it has no metastable phase in a high-temperature environment and loses its high toughness characteristics. It cannot maintain high toughness for a long time in a high-temperature environment, which limits its application in certain high-temperature fields.

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Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Ceramic——Introduction & Material Properties

The toughening method of ZTA ceramics:

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Disadvantages of ZTA ceramic boards

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